The emerging field of Biotechnology is said to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology in the service of human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes cover a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the fields of both healthcare and agriculture. The present syllabus takes into consideration all these aspects. Emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the students with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge brought in through this study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.
Important portion of CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Syllabus 2018 - 2019 is given below
Detail of topics and subtopics in each unit
Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation
Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology Introduction, Tools of Recombinant DNA technology, Making Recombinant DNA, Introduction of Recombinant DNA into Host Cells, Identification of recombinants, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybridization techniques, DNA library, DNA sequencing, Site-directed mutagenesis
Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering Introduction to the World of Proteins, 3-D Shape of Proteins, Structure-function relationship in Proteins, Purification of proteins, Characterization of proteins, Protein Based products, Designing proteins (protein engineering)
Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Introduction, Genome sequencing projects, Gene prediction and Counting, Genome similarity, SNPs and Comparative genomics, Functional genomics, Proteomics, History of bioinformatics, Sequences and Nomenclature, Information sources, Analysis using bioinformatics Tools
Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation 30 Marks 80 Periods
Chapter-1: Microbial Cell Culture and Its Applications
Introduction, Microbial culture techniques, Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, Scale-up of microbial process, Isolation of microbial products, Strain isolation, improvement and Preservation, Applications of microbial culture technology, Biosafety Issues in microbial technology.
Chapter-2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction, Cell and tissue culture techniques, Applications of cell and tissue culture, Gene transfer methods in plants, Transgenic plants with beneficial traits, Biosafety of Transgenic Plants.
Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction, Animal cell culture techniques, Characterisation of cell lines, Methods of gene delivery into cells, Scale-up of animal culture process, Applications of animal cell culture, Stem cell technology, Tissue engineering.
Tips for preparation :
- Biotechnology is a content-based subject hence new terms have to be familiarized with and memorized. You can make flash cards with definitions of the new terms that you learn each day and use them while traveling, during your lunch break or even 5 minutes before your dinner break.
- Try to write the definitions in your own language without altering its meaning.
- Follow your NCERT textbook and when the concept has been fully understood, browse through your school notes and test papers that you have taken.
- Ensure that you pay attention in lab sessions and actually perform the experiments.
- Make notes, highlight, and if you don’t mind making notes in your book, then you can even summarize the page in the margins.
- Take note of the common questions that have been asked and observe how the question should be answered.
- After you finish your syllabus, revise as many times as possible. When you finish, do take the sample papers provided by CBSE in a timed environment.
- Take as many practice tests as possible.
Tips for scoring good marks :
- During the exam, try to write the descriptive answers in points and give a pictorial or graphical illustration wherever possible as it enhances visibility.
- Scan the paper before answering.
- For long answer type questions, before starting, frame a skeleton of the answer in the margin.
- Be crisp and to the point in very short questions.
Recommended NCERT books :
- A textbook on biotechnology, published by the CBSE is the best source of information, since it covers everything under the syllabus.
- A lab manual on biotechnology, published by the CBSE. The book will help you with your practical part of the subject, while helping you understand some of the theoretical concepts as well.
- Sample papers published by CBSE
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